The Impact of the Ishkashim Border Market on the Improvement of Local Household Livelihoods in Badakhshan Province

Abstract

Border markets are considered important drivers of development in peripheral regions, as they enhance economic security and improve local livelihoods. This study investigates the economic and social impacts of the Ishkashim border market on sustainable livelihoods in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Data were collected from 200 households selected through simple random sampling using Cochran's formula. The study assessed five dimensions of sustainable livelihoods through descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including the one-sample t-test, Friedman ranking test, and Chi-square analysis. Findings reveal that the border market has become the primary source of income for 62% of respondents, gradually replacing traditional agricultural livelihoods. Physical, financial, and social capitals were found to be at favorable levels, indicating improvements in infrastructure, income, and social relations. However, human capital performed the worst, reflecting limited progress in education and health services. Overall, the market contributes to poverty reduction and income generation but has limited effects on balanced and sustainable livelihood development.