Examining the Impact of Parental Involvement on Academic Achievement and the Enhancement of Students’ Active Participation: A Case Study of Public and Private Schools in Mazar-e Sharif

Abstract

Parental involvement is recognized as one of the key factors in improving academic performance and enhancing students’ active participation. Parents who actively engage in their children’s learning processes—through monitoring academic assignments, providing emotional support, and maintaining effective communication with teachers—help to create a supportive educational environment. The present study aims to examine the role of parental involvement in academic achievement and the level of active participation among students in public and private schools in the city of Mazar-e Sharif. In terms of data collection, the study adopts a survey design, and with respect to its objective, it is applied research. The statistical population consisted of parents of students enrolled in public and private schools in Mazar-e Sharif, from whom 321 parents were selected using a non-probability (convenience) sampling method. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire, whose content validity was confirmed by subject-matter experts, and whose reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.813). Data analysis was conducted using both descriptive and inferential methods. In the descriptive section, statistical indicators such as frequency and percentage were employed. In the inferential section, structural equation modeling was used as the main analytical approach, and analyses were performed using SPSS and STATA software. The findings indicate that parental involvement has a positive and statistically significant effect on students’ academic achievement and their level of active participation, contributing to improved regular attendance, behavioral discipline, and social interaction. This study underscores the importance of effective interaction between parents and schools in enhancing students’ academic and behavioral outcomes and offers recommendations for strengthening this relationship.